433.437. Effects of Ayana: (a) Now mentioned are the effects of Ayanas (northerly and southerly courses of the Sun). The duration of an Ayana should be considered only on the basis of Saura Mana (solar year and not lunar year which is called Chandra Mana).
(b) For in the scientific treatises (viz. Brahma Siddhanta & C), it is said as under. Year, Ayana (half a year), Ritu (a season of two months) and others be measured in Saura Mana only.
The expression “year” gives a character of Saura Mana to the periods in question, so observes the author.
(c) “Ayana” is described by Soma Siddhanta in the following manner. Until the Sun touches the initial point of (sidereal) Cancer, Uttarayana does not end. To wit, his journey from the beginning of sidereal Capricorn to the beginning of Cancer (i.e. end of Gemini) is designated as Uttarayana.
(d) There are people who suggest the use of tropical longitudes in the consideration of Ayana. That is incorrect. For we see the use of only Nirayana (sidereal longitudes) in the world.
(e) In this context, Vasishta Samhita stipulates the following. From Revathi, six Nakshatras constitute the eastern half of the zodiac. Twelve Nakshatras from Arudra form the middle part. Nine N akshatras from Jyeshta constitute the western part. Just as the Moon traverses these three parts, other planets in the zodiac also move in the same manner.
The lengths of various Nakshatras are compatible only when the three parts mentioned above are considered, as could be practically seen in the skies. If tropical positions were used, sometimes within a space of one Nakshatra, there should actually be two. It is for this reason that auspicious undertakings like journeys, Muhurta, evil Nakshatras in the context of (rituals for) death etc. and others are undertaken with Nirayana basis only.
(f) Use of tropical longitudes is done only in specific cases for it is stated in Brahma Siddhanta as under.
Ayanamsa or precessional value should be added only in case of computing declinations, right ascensions, proximity to Chitra, and latitudinal positions of planets with reference to the ecliptic.
That is, the learned do not consider Uttarayana (northerly course of the Sun) in tropical measurement, for purposes of auspicious functions like marriage (or for horoscopy).
(g) Yavana Jataka states that one born in Uttarayana will be endowed with a beloved female, be happy, virtuous, long-lived, orthodoxy and skilful. He will bow before the feet of gods, Brahmins and preceptors and enjoy fame. One of Dakshinayana (Sun’s southerly course) will be cruel and crafty. His physique be distressed by diseases. He will be sinful, of thieving disposition, emaciated and blame-worthy.
Thus end effects of Ayana.
Now stated are the effects of births in the various Ritus.
438. Seasons: Now, the method of calculating the seasons or Ritus as pert4e workRatnaMala. Commencing from Capricorn, the Sun traversing every two signs causes one Season, thus causing a total of six Seasons (in a year). These are known as Sisira, Vasanta, Grishma, Varsha, Sharad and Hemanta.
Notes: The details of Seasons, with durations related to Gregarian calendar, could be found in speculum 29.
439. Sisira Ritu: One born in Sisira Ritu will be blessed with physical strength, happiness and longevity. He will be inclined to eat sweet food and will have an amicable behaviour. He will, however, incur windy diseases.
440. Vasanta Ritu: One born in Vasanta Ritu will be happy, will enjoy pleasures, be virtuous, radiant, truthful and charitable.
441. Grishma Ritu: One born in Grishma Ritu will contribute for construction of wells, tanks and temples (i.e. will do philanthropic acts). He will be learned in ancient scriptures and will impart wisdom to others.
442. Varsha Ritu: One born in Varsha Ritu will be the lord of a country, village or town (i.e. will hold an eminent position), be an agriculturist, will gather scriptural knowledge and be skilful.
443. Sarad Ritu: One born in Sarad Ritu will be skilful in business activities, be a minister, be devoid off ever and sickness, be learned, virtuous and bold.
444. Hemanta Ritu: One born in Hemanta Ritu will live in a palace (or a huge building), be righteous, truthful, pure in character and will eat sweet food.
These are the effects of Ritus or Seasons.
Now the effects of months, as per the school of Yavanas.
445. Chaitra: One born in the month of Chaitra will take a vow of continence for ever and undertake study of the Vedas. He will show devotion to preceptors, gods and Brahmins.
Notes: There are 12 months in the Hindu calendar. The effects given here are for the months known as “Sukladi Masas” i.e. months beginning with Sukla Paksha Pratipada (bright half first lunar day). The Hindu new year begins with the Sun and Moon forming exact conjunction (i.e. end of Amavasya and the beginning of Sukla Paksha) in sidereal Pisces, with the month Chaitra. The other months follow in the same order as given in the ensuing slokas. The last month of the year is Phalguna (with the Sun and the Moon forming exact conjunction in sidereal Aquarius).
In case of applicability of these effects for the natives of intercalated and diminutive months, see Bala Bhadra’s clarifications in slokas 457 – 458 infra.
There are other schools who follow the months beginning with Full Moon. But most ancient exponents recommend only use of Sukladi months or the months commencing with Sukla Paksha Pratipada for natal astrology.
For mundane astrology, according to Vasishta, the months caused by the Sun’s entry in Aries and other signs should be followed as the year and months. So also for calculation of Ayana, Ritu etc. as stated earlier.
Brahmacharya orthe state of celibacy was a part of discipline with which a student in ancient days remained in his teacher’s home (or hermitage) for study of sacred scriptures. He would marry only after the completion of his studies. Thus the issue under highlight in the present verse shows a pure person who is also unmarried. Generally, this term denotes a student of Vedas and such other ancient scriptures.
446. Vaisakha: One born in the month of Vaisakha will possess all favourable physiognomical features, be skilled in arts, versed in arts, genuine and long-lived.
447. Jyeshta: One born in the month of Jyeshta will be skilful in all kinds of undertakings, be intelligent and be an examiner (specializing in certain articles). He will be engaged in activities of selling and buying.
448. Ashadha: One born in the month of Ashadha will be indigent, will eat avidly, be industrious, involved in tilling, ever troubled by sickness and be foolish.
449. Sravana: One born in the month of Sravana will be skilful in performing Vedic rituals, be endowed with sons, spouse and wealth and honoured by the entire world.
450. Bhadrapada: One born in the month of Bhadrapada will be munificent, emaciated, tall, fair-complexioned and will have four (many) wives. He will have sons and wealth and will enjoy pleasures.
451. Aasvina: One born in the month of Aasvina will be learned and dear to king. He will be endowed with spouse, many servants and many children and be short-lived.
452. Kartika: One born in the month of Kartika will be arrulous, crooked in disposition, will have defective fore-arms, be indolent and will practice celibacy.
453. Agrahayana: One born in the month of Agrahayana (also known as Marga and Margasirsha) will be interested in visiting pilgrim centres, deeply interested in Mantras (sacred spells) and religious initiations, and will ever gather information from ancient scriptures.
454. Pausha: One born in the month of Pausha will cause grief to others. He will be troubled by all kinds of diseases and will practice celibacy.
455. Magha: One born in the month of Magha will be a great saint, will practice deep penance, well-versed in the Vedas and Upanishads, of patient disposition, kind to others and skilful.
456. Phalguna: One born in the month of Phalguna will have a soft physique, will ever enjoy pleasures, be liked by women, be happy and endowed with horses and elephants.
457 – 458. Author’s Clarifications: (a) These references are to lunar months. For canonical texts have stated as under.
Romaka Siddhanta stipulates that a lunar month rules from the period of one New Moon to another. The months Chaitra and others commence with the conjunction of the luminaries.
(b) A doubt may occur at this point. Adhika Masa (an intercalated or extra lunar month) and Kshaya Masa (a diminutive month to adjust lunar year with the solar calendar) affect the scheme of lunar months, while in case of the solar ones, there is no such situation. Thus, some may feel it better to use solar months. But that is not the case. The various sages have suggested use of only lunar months in attributing effects. Hence only lunar months should be used in declaring effects. Vriddha Yavana has given these effects only on the basis of lunar months, not on the basis of the months caused by the Sun’s entry in Aries and others.
(c) In case of intercalated and diminutive months, results for the month concerned should be only declared. This has been clarified in Hora Sara which states that in case of diminutive month and intercalated month, the effects for the respective month only should be applied.
(d) One Kshaya Masa or diminutive month extends for a period of two continuous lunar months. For a person born in a Kshaya Masa, the following procedure should be adopted. In case of birth in the first half of a Thithi (lunar day), effects for the previous month should be applied. If birth be in the second half of the lunar day, effects applicable for the next month should be declared. For scriptures say that first half of lunar day relates to previous month, and second half to the next month, for purposes of declaring effects.
Notes: (b) An intercalated month occurs when a complete lunar. month is contained within the period of a solar month which is between two solar ingresses. Here the lunar month in question will have no solar ingress at all. Then the lunar year will have thirteen months. Conversely when a lunar month has two solar ingresses, it is known as diminutive month or Kshaya Masa. This is a very very rare occurrence.
An intercalated month occurs once in four lunar years while a diminutive one occurs in approximately 150 years.
These are the effects for births in various months.
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