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Ch. 5. Arishtas 
The evils to the parents and the characteristics of birth time along with circumstances leading to (infant) death are dealt with in this Ch.. 
The Grahas in the first six Bhavas yield good results (directly to the native), while those in the second half of the zodiac yield indirect results. 
Sūrya and Candr represent father and mother, respectively, of the living beings. After assessing strength and weakness of the two Grahas predictions should be made about parents. Notes: According to Brihat Jataka, Ch. IV, Sloka 5, Sūrya and Śukr indicate father and mother of the native for day birth and Śani and Candr play these parts, respectively, for night birth. The same view is expressed in Phala Deepika (Ch. II, Sloka 22) and also in Saravali. 
In this context, an important principle is to be noted from Sanketa Nidhi, Ch. II, Sloka 25. Note the pair of the Grahas concerning the father and the mother in a day birth, or night birth, as the case may be. The effect will be full, if the birth is in the beginning of day, or night, as the case may be; the effects will be medium, if the birth is in middle portion and almost little in the concluding portion. For example, a person born in the beginning of night, or day will enjoy full results in regard to parents, while a person born at the end of day, or night will have little results in the same respect. (This will also depend to an equal extent on the Grahas concerned). 
Should Sūrya receive Drishti from malefics and join them, or remain in their clutches hemmed between them, then evil is portended to the father of the child thus born. 
If there are exclusively bad Grahas in the 6th and the 8th, or in the 4th and the 8th from Sūrya, without help from benefics, then evil is indicated to the father. 
Should Sūrya in Mesh/Vrischik Navamsh receive a Drishti from Śani (in the Rāśi Kundali), the elder brother, or elder sister, or the father of the child is extinguished. 
Notes: Sūrya in Tula in Vishakah first quarter (i.e. Mesh Navamsh) and receiving a Drishti from Śani will cause special effects in regard to father’s death. Śani, or Sūrya related to Labh Bhava will have a telling effect on the elder brother, or elder sister of the native, in the combination mentioned in the verse. The child will not see its father, if Mangal is in Bandhu Bhava, or in Dharm Bhava and falls in the Navamsh of Simh, (Makar, or Kumbh), without receiving a Drishti from Guru, or Śukr. 
On the same lines, through Candr, the evils to mother can be known. 
If Candr is waning and has only malefics in the 5th, or the 9th from her, but is without benefic’s association, the child will be deprived of its mother. Śani and Mangal in a Kendr of Candr (either jointly, or separately) and in one Navamsh will give two mothers to the child to live with. 
Notes: “Two mothers” may be interpreted, as one having a step-mother. Alternatively, he may be brought up by another lady, who is equal to mother. It is by the strength, or weakness of Śani and Mangal, that the birth takes place in the house of the father and the mother, respectively. Should Lagn’s Lord be strong, father’s place will be birth place. Notes: It may further be noted, that, if Pitru Karak Grah is strong, birth would have been in father’s place and, if Matru Karak is strong, birth is in the place of the mother. Jataka Tatwa (Vide II, B-21) says, that delivery will take place in the house of the father, the mother, or other relatives, as indicated by the strongest Grah. If Sūrya occupies a movable Rāśi in Rāśi and in Navamsh Kundali, the father of the child was away (at time of birth). Should Sūrya give a Drishti to Lagn, it is not so. If Candr is in a similar state, the father should be declated to have been away at the time of birth of the child. 
If Guru occupies his debilitation Rāśi, while Candr is in a Rāśi Sandhi, or Amsh Sandhi and other benefics join malefics, the child born will be dumb and dull witted. 
Notes: Amsh Sandhi is the end of a quarter of Nakshatr. That is, Candr’s position should be at an area of 3 20’ (or close to it), or multiples there of, in any Rāśi. The combination cited will more apply fit a Dhanu native, as Guru will be fall in Dhan Bhava. Even, if Guru, or Budh in fall in Dhan Bhava, while the other one of them yuti with Rahu will cause dumbness. Should Dhan’s lord in such a case be strong and well placed, then the defect will not come to pass. Note, that Dhan Bhava rules one’s speech. If Dharm and Bandhu Bhava have malefic occupation wlile Lagn’s lord is weak and yuti with Mangal, or receives a Drishti from him, the child’s father was sick at the time of its birth. Should Śani be in Simh Navamsh and receives a Drishti from Sūrya, the father was in a miserable state at the tlime of the birth of the child. Śani in Randhr, or Vyaya Bhava and in Simh Navamsh simultaneously, gives the same results. 
The child should be declared to have been born of others’ loins, if Candr, or Lagn is without Guru’s Drishti. Should the luminaries be yuti with malefics and receive a Drishti from Guru, then also the same result prevails. Guru, or Candr in mutual Vargas, or luminaries in exchange nullify these Yogas. Notes: Apart from the above two combinations, indicating illegal birth, the following rules may be noted, as taken out from Parashar Hora (Tamil translation by C. G. Rajan), Saravali, Jataka Parijata and Jataka Tatwa: 1. If Candr is in Bandhu Bhava from Lagn and receives a Drishti from malefics, or inimical Grahas; 2. The lords of Sahaj, Ari, Dhan and Putr Bhava in Lagn (birth through servants); 3. Malefics in Lagn, benefics in Yuvati Bhava and Śani in Karm Bhava; 4. Candr in Lagn and Mangal with Śukr in Sahaj Bhava; 5. Sūrya in Lagn and Rahu in Bandhu Bhava; 6. Sūrya and Candr in Lagn, or Sūrya and Mangal in Yuvati Bhava; 7. Lagn with Mangal and Rahu, while Sūrya and Candr are in Yuvati Bhava; 8. Kendras without Grahas; 9. All Grahas in Dhan, Ari, Randhr and Vyaya Bhava; 10. Lords of Lagn and Yuvati Bhava together; 11. Exchange between Lagn’s Lord and Bandhu’s lord (which should be considered otherwise a Raj Yog); 12. Lagn, or Candr not falling in the Vargas of Guru; 13. Anyone group of the following, prevailing simultaneously: a) Sunday - 2nd Tithi Swati Nakshatr, b) Wednesday - 7th Tithi Revati, c) Sunday - 12th Tithi Dhanishtha; 14. Sūrya, Candr and Guru in fall, one of them being in Lagn; 15. Karakamsh, related to only malefic Grahas. These Yogas stand cancelled, if Kendr has a Grah, or benefics give a Drishti to Lagn, or Candr, or Lagn’s lord in Lagn, or Guru in Bandhu Bhava, or Mangal giving a Drishti to Guru. There will be moles, or scars in the particular limb of Kala Purush corresponding to the Rāśi occupied by benefics. 
Notes: According to Jataka Muktavali, the following combinations indicate moles, scars etc. on the body of the native: If Yuvati Bhava from Lagn is occupied by Śukr, or Mangal, or Guru, there will be a scar on the head. Śukr, or Mangal, or Candr in Lagn leaves a mark through fire at the age of 12. Rahu in Randhr Bhava, while Śukr is in Lagn causes a scar on the left ear. Guru in Lagn and Rahu in Yuvati Bhava leave a scar on the left hand. Śukr in Randhr, or Vyaya Bhava and Guru in Lagn indicate marks on both the hands. If Mangal is in Sahaj, or Ari, or Labh Bhava along with Śukr, there will be a mark on the side close to the left hand. Should Budh, or Śani be in Lagn, while Sūrya is in Karm Bhava a mark on the right side should be noted. If Mangal, or Budh is in Lagn, while Rahu is in Putr, or Ari, or Dharm Bhava, a mole on genital organ, or anus may be found. Śukr in Putr, or Dharm Bhava, while Yuvati, or Randhr, or Bandhu Bhava is occupied by either Guru, or Budh indicates a mark on the stomach. Should there be Śukr, or Sūrya in Dhan, or Randhr Bhava, while Karm Bhava has Rahu and Śani, declare a scar on the navel. A mark on the waist may be found, if Karm Bhava is occupied by Guru, while Candr is in Dhan Bhava and Rahu with Śukr is in Sahaj Bhava. On the anus will be found a mark, if Vyaya Bhava has Guru, while Budh is in Sahaj, or Ari, or Dharm Bhava and Candr is in Dharm Bhava. Should there be Śukr and Rahu in Bandhu Bhava, while Lagn is occupied by Śani and Mangal, there will be a symbol of fish in the palm, or sole, or ankles, (which according to Samudrika Shastr is a Raj Lakshana denoting a king). Hamsh Yog is supposed to give fish symbols in the palm, or sole, see notes under Sloka 8, Ch.16. 
The limbs of human body is divided by 36 Dreshkanas. Any particular Dreshkan occupied by a benefic indicates a mole and a malefic an ulcer on the particular part of the physique, see Sloka 26, Ch. II of Sanketa Nidhi. 
The 3 Dreshkanas in each Bhava represent limbs, respectively, as under, vide Sanketa Nidhi: a) Lagn: 1. Head 2. Neck 3. Pelvis. b) Dhan and Vyaya Bhava: 1. Right and left eyes 2. Right and left shoulders 3. Genital organs. c) Sahaj and Labh Bhava: 1. Right and left ears 2. Right and left arms. 3. Right and left testicles. d) Bandhu and Karm Bhava: 1. Right and left nostrils 2. Right and left sides (Pasharva) 3. Right and left thighs. e) Putr and Dharm Bhava: 1. Right and left cheeks 2. Right and left side of the heart 3. Right and left knees. f) Ari and Randhr Bhava: 1.Jaws 2. Right and left sides of chest 3. Right and left calves. g) Yuvati Bhava: 1. Mouth 2. Navel 3. Feet (according to some Vyaya Bhava indicates feet). 
The above is from Sanketa Nidhi, Ch. IV, Slokas 124 and 125, in which it is stated, that the limb corresponding to the Dreshkan receiving a Drishti from, or yuti with a benefic will have a mole, or mark. And a malefic in such a case causes its deformity, or ulcer on it. For example, if Rahu is in Labh Bhava in first Dreshkan, denoting right ear, he can cause either deafness, or an ulcer of right ear. The reader is advantageously referred to Slokas 24, 25 and 26, Ch. V of Brihat Jataka and also my English translation of Saravali. Ch. IV for relevant information. 
Given below is a brief account regarding moles etc. from Ch. IV of Mukunda Daviagna’s Nashta Jataka (my English translation): Note the Rāśis occupied by Sūrya and Candr. The particular limbs, as represented with reference to Kala Purush, i.e. Mesh etc., will have mole and other marks. The limb represented by the Rāśi occupied by Sūrya, or Mangal will have reddish marks, while Śani and Rahu leave blue marks. Should Śukr give a Drishti to Rahu, the limb indicated by Rahu’s Rāśi will have moles etc. Assume Rahu is in Mithun opposed to Śukr in Dhanu. Mithun indicates arms of Kala Purush and hence there will be a mole (or scar etc.) on the arms. More such information may be obtained from Ch. IV of Nashta Jataka. The information, furnished above, regarding moles etc., will be helpful in rectification of natal Lagn in case of doubts. 
The Shastras listed various combinations causing instant, or sudden death of the child. Now only important ones are explained (below). 
There are three kinds of infant deaths. Firstly the afflictions due to parents; secondly due to Bal Grahas and thirdly due to evil combinations of Grahas. 
Notes: Bal Grahas are evil spirits, which affect only children. See Sloka 130, Ch. 15 of Prashn Marga (J.N. BHASIN English rendering). It is also stated in Jataka Parijata, Sloka l, Ch 4, that till the child crosses 12, it is affected by the fate of his mother and father and by Bal Grahas, i.e. evil spirits. This view is identical with the one mentioned in Slokas 4-6, Ch. 10 of Sarvartha Chintamani. That is why all texts are unanimous, that longevity cannot be definitely decided till the 12th year of age. Now see the following Sloka of the present work. 
It is only after a careful assessment of the above, the affliction to the child should be pronounced. It is (however) not possible to decide the longevity till it completes its 12th year of age. The child should be protected (till such age) through Japas and Homas. 
Notes: According to C.G. Rajan’s Tamil translation of Parashar Hora. Ch. V, note, that longevity cannot be decided till the native is 24. But Jyotisharnava Navaneetam (a Sanskrit work with Telugu translation) suggests that. up to l2 nothing definite can be said about longevity. Phala Deepika (Ch. 13, Sloka 3) and Jataka Parijata (Ch. 5, Slokas 1 and 2), which have similar verses also say, that up to 12, longevity cannot be decided. This is because, the child is covered by its mother’s fate in the first four years, by its father’s fate in the next four years and by its Purva Karma thereafter up to 12, as per Mantreswara. Only after 12, will the child be governed by the effects of the Grahas in its own horoscope, as far as its longevity is concerned Also see Slokas 4-6, Ch. X of Sarvartha Chintamani. The child born, when there is Lagn Sandhi is either born, dead, or short lived (if born). Should such Lagn receive a Drishti from malefics, the said results are sure to follow. Birth in Gandanta Nakshatr is destructive of the whole family. Should such a child, however, live, then it becomes a king with an army of elephants and horses. 
Notes: For Gandanta Nakshatra, see Sloka 14, Ch. I, supra. Apart from Lagn Sandhi, there are other Sandhis, as explained in Sloka 36, Ch. V, infra. Sarvartha Chintamani, Ch. l0, s. 26-27, Uttarakalamrita, Ch. 8, Sloka 9 and Saravali also state, that, if a Gandanta native survives, he becomes a king with elephants, horses etc., forming his army. 
Luminaries in Sahaj Bhava owned by a malefic and yuti with malefics, make the child sick and live up to 3 years only. 
If Candr joins Randhr’s lord in a Kendr, while Randhr Bhava is occupied by a Grah, the child leaves this world soon after its birth. Should the 7th from Candr be occupied by Mangal and Sūrya, while Rahu is in Lagn, death of the child may be expected within ten days of birth. 
Notes: Should Rahu be in Mesh, or Vrishabh, or Kark, as Lagn, he contributes good longevity. Refer to Jatakadesa Marga (Ch.4), Saravali (Ch. 12, s. 10), Jataka Parijata (Ch. 4, s. 90), Sarvartha Chintamani, (Ch. 11, s. 16) and Jataka Marthanda, II Part, (Ayurdhayadhyaya). The Slokas of Saravali, Jataka Parijata and Sarvartha Chintarnani are similar. So to say, if Rahu is in Mesh, or Vrishabh, or Kark in Lagn, while the rest of the combination, as per the Sloka under comment is present, there is good longevity. 
Malefics in Bandhu, Randhr, Dhan and Vyaya Bhava will cause sickness and death in l0 days. Should a malefic be in Yuvati Bhava from rising Dreshkan (22nd Dreshkan), while the waning Candr is in Lagn the child faces immediate death. 
When all the Grahas are weak and positioned in Sahaj, Ari, Dharm and Vyaya Bhava, the child lives either for 2 months, or 6 months. While Lagn’s lord is in his debilitation Rāśi, or in Randhr Bhava, or is combust, the child’s living becomes precarious and it is equal to a dead one. A child born under malefic Muhurtas, or, when a Ketu is rising followed by fall of meteors, thunders etc., it hardly lives. 
The persons, who are born with severe Yogal indicating adverse results, as explained by Yavanas and others will only bring harm to the family. 
A person born under an eclipse, or, when there is Parivesh, or, when a malefic occupies Lagn, or gives a Drishti to Lagn, lives only for three fortnights, or for three months. 
Notes: Birth on the day of eclipse is ominous. If the Lagn is connected with many strong malefics by yuti, or association, then also it is adverse for longevity. 
Should Lagn’s lord, the lord of Candr Rāśi and the Navamsh lord of Candr Rāśi are all eclipsed, the longevity is only for a few days. Notes: The combustion of three Grahas are indicated, namely that of Lagn Lord, dispositor of Candr and Navamsh lord of Candr. Such combustion will prove fatal to longevity and the child’s life is only for a few days. The four kinds of junctions, or conjunction of Candr with malefics will cause death (infant1) and similar results follow, if Candr is in aspect to mllefics without benefic’s aspect, or company. Notes: The four junctions, or Sandhi chathushtayas are: 1) The twilight time, 2) The point, where two Rāśis meet, 3) The point, where two stars meet, 4) The time, when two thithis meet. 
Should Candr be in the company of malefics only, or, if she is in the 1st, 5th, 7th, 8th, 9th, or the 12th Bhava and be with malefics without benefic’s aspect, or association death of the native will occur. Notes: The Sloka seems to suggest infant death. Candr, if connected with malefics should be helped by benefics, so that infant death does not occur. 
Should the Lagn Lord and Candr’s dispositor be in the 6th, 8th, or the 12th, or be combust, the death of the native may be foretold in the year denoted by the Rāśi occupied by the said Grahas. Should Candr be in the 6th, or the 8th, while the Lagn is occupied by its lord, or, when the decreasing Candris subject to mixed influences of malefics and benefics, the native, if born in day time has short life. 
If the lord of Lagn is in Marana Pada along with the decreasing Candrin the company of Rahu, or aspected by Rahu, the native dies in his seventh year. 
If Candr is weak and aspected by Rahu associated with malefics, or, if the Lagn Lord (or Candr Rāśi lord) has set in (i.e. the 7th from Lagn), or occupies the 8th, the child lives upto its 6th, or 8th year Notes: The Lagn Lord in the 7th (a Marakasthana), or in the 8th is adverse for longevity unless well aspected. But Phala Deepika says, that the Bhava occupied by the Lord of Lagng stands to gain. However, the position of Lagna Lord in the 8th shakes the foundation of the horoscope. 
The Lagn lord with Rahu in the 7th brings death in 21 years, or 21 months, or (even) in 21 days. 
Notes: We may infer, that the above maximum (21 years) longevity can be expected, if other Grahas are considerably strong. Should they be also weak, death may occur in 21 months and utterly weak ones bring death in 21 days. On the whole, the combination of Rahu and Lagn Lord in the 7th should be assessed in the context of the whole horoscope. 
Add the Rāśi sphutas of Sūrya and Candr. If the particular Rāśi, or its angle, or the 9th Bhava thereof be occupied by a malefic, death comes to pass due to poison, or water (i.e. drowning, rains, foods etc.). 
Notes: Suppose Sūrya’s longitude is 175 and that of Candr is 292. Then the sum equals to 467’ and after expunging 360, v get 107, i.e. Kark 17. The angles of Kark are: Kark, Tula, Makar and Mesh; and the 9th from Kark is Meen. So any malefic in any of these five Rāśis (around 17 in particular) will cause the said results. If a malefic planet is in the 8th Bhava, while Lagn lord is in angle in the company of a malefic, without benefic’s aspect, death in the 7th year may be predicted. If Budh and Sūrya be together and aspected by benefics the child will die in its eleventh year even, if it were on the laps of Gods. 
Notes: There is apparently something wrong in this Sloka. We do not understand, why Sūrya and Budh, when aspected by benefics should prove harmful to longevity. There are only two other benefics, i.e. Guru and Śukr. Śukr cannot aspect the combination of Sūrya and Budh. The only Grah, that can thus aspect is Guru. His aspect cannot be considered adverse to longevity. 
From Mesh onwards, the fateful degrees are: 8, 9, 22, 22, 25, 14, 4, 23, 18, 20, 21 and 10. Births in these degrees invite death soon. The same for Candr from Mesh onwards are: 26, 12, 13, 25, 24, 4, 26, 14, 13, 25, 5 and 12 degrees. Notes: Phala Deepika, Ch. 13, Slokas 10 and 11 quote the above degrees fateful for Lagn and Moon. But it does not state, that birth will accordingly inflict death. Jataka Tatwa, (B-108) states, that the following degrees are, respectively, fateful for Candr: 8, 9, 23, 22, 5, 1, 4, 23, 18, 20, 21 and 10 from Mesh onwards and death will be caused in the year denoted by such degree. Saravali (Ch. 10, Slokas 111 to 113) give the following fateful degrees for Candr, respectively, from Mesh onwards: 8, 9, 22, 22, 25, 1, 4, 23, 18, 20, 21 and 10. 
Should Candr be in her fateful degrees, mentioned above and be in the company of a malefic, without relief from benefics, or be in the 8th Bhava, or in angle (in such a fateful degree), the child not only dies itself, but takes away its mother too. 
Notes: Candr should be in her fateful degrees along with a malefic without benefic aspect. Alternatively she can be in the 8th, Lagn, 4th, 7th, or 10th. Either combination can cause death of the child and the mother. 
Should the Lagn Lord be strong and occupy an angle, or trine, even the ArishtaYogas. indicating infant death can be overcome. 
Notes: Following are some of the combinations, that nullify such evils. Guru not combust and in Lagn, or Lagn Lord with strength and in good aspects, or all Grahas in their own Rāśis, or Candr in deep exaltation, or own Bhava, or friendly Navamsh and in good aspect, or Candr in a friendly decanate along with a friendly Grah, or Candr’s kendra occupied by Guru. A benefic Grah with strength in angle, not joining the 8th Lord, leads to nullificaion of Arishta Yoga (causing death) in a nativity, or prevailing at the time of a query. 
If a strong Grah is in Lagn, the 4th, or the 10th and be not in the company of Sūrya, the malefic Yogas (for short life) will vanish. 
Many evil Yogas make the sustaining of the child difficult. But, if Candr, or Lagn receives the aspect of all the Grahas, these Yogas disappear, as darkness does before Sūrya. 
Notes: The single aspect of Guru is enough on thc Candr, which can act, like a lion throwing away a thousand elephants (see Jatakadesa Marga). 
Ch. 6. Arishta Yog 
The evils causing infant deaths have since been explained. Now, the Arishtas (causing death), arising out of combinations of Grahas are explained (i.e. for elders too), as below. During the period of a Grah capable of inflicting evils, if Bal Arishtas simultaneously exist, then the evil is greater. 
Should Lagn’s lord, or the dispositor of Candr be yuti with Sūrya and be without Drishti from a benefic, while malefics are in Kendras, the native dies in his 20th year. The rising of Mangal in Lagn, while Sūrya and Śani in strength are in Kendras, brings about the end of the native within 20 years. If, however, such death does not occur, there will be danger to his limbs, or he will become sick. 
Should Mangal and Sūrya be in Lagn, which is a moveable Rāśi, while Guru is in Karm Bhava and Candr in Putr, or Dharm Bhava, the native will die in his 20th year. 
If the decreasing Candr is in Randhr Bhava and in Vrischik Navamsh the native’s death will take place. (The longevity span is not mentioned here; but it is said to be short life Yog) He will at the maximum live up to 25 years, if Candr receives a Drishti from Śani and Mangal. Should malefics be in the 8th from Candr, weak benefics in Sahaj, Ari, Dharm, or Vyaya Bhava, while Candr herself is in Ari, or Randhr Bhava, the life span is at the most 25. 
If both, Randhr’s lord and the 8th lord from Candr occupy Kendras, while Randhr Bhava and the 8th Bhava from Candr are occupied by a Grah and Candr and Lagn are devoid of strength, the native will not cross thirty. Should malefics occupy Dhan and Vyaya Bhava along with Guru and Rahu and Candr are in Yuvati, or Randhr Bhava, the longevity of the person is not above thirty. 
Should a malefic set along with Sūrya (i.e. being in Yuvati Bhava from Lagn only and not in the 7th Bhava from Candr) and be yuti with Rahu and Guru, while Candr is in Ari, or Randhr Bhava, the life span is 30. 
The Yog caused by the position of Śukr and Guru in Lagn, while Mangal and Śani are in Putr Bhava and Candr is waning, produces a person with short life. 
Sūrya and Candr yuti with Rahu will cause death at the age of 28. It is more certain, if Guru is also in Vyaya Bhava. 
If Randhr’s lord from Lagn is in a Kendr along with Candr, while Randhr Bhava is occupied by a Grah and Kendras be devoid of Drishti from benefics, or occupation of benefics, the longevity is only 32. Should the waning Candr be in Kark, while Randhr’s lord is in a Kendr and Randhr Bhava is in turn occupied by a malefic and Lagn’s lord is devoid of strength, the span of life is only 30. Note the longitudes of Lagn’s lord and Randhr’s lord. When added, if it results in a Kendr, or in Randhr Bhava and a malefic occupies that resultant place, the end comes in the 27th year. Should Randhr’s lord be in a Kon, while Randhr Bhava is occupied by Lagn’s lord, who in turn is in Drishti to, or yuti with malefics, the person lives up to 24, even though there is benefic Drishti on Lagn’s lord and on Randhr’s lord. If Guru receives a Drishti from Śani, or is yuti with Rahu and a malefic is in Lagn, while Randhr Bhava is occupied, the life span is only 22. 
Should Lagn be occupied by its lord, while Sūrya and Candr are in Bandhu Bhava together with malefics and Randhr’s lord is in a Kendr, the end of life is at 30. If Randhr’s lord occupies a Kendr, while Lagn’s lord is devoid of strength, the subject lives only up to 30, or 32. Should Candr and Lagn’s lord be weak, receiving Drishti from malefics and be in Apoklima Bhavas (i.e. Sahaj, Ari, Dharm, Vyaya Bhava), the life span is just 40. If Guru and Śukr ar in a Kendr, while Lagn’s lord is yuti with malefics in a Apoklima Bhava, a person born before nightfall lives only up to 36. Should Sūrya be in Lagn, which is an inimical Rāśi to him and be hemmed between malefics, the person will always be sick and his end comes at his 36th year. 
Should Sūrya and Candr be in Lagn and benefics be in a Bhava other than a Kendr, or Randhr Bhava, one born in Gulika’s Muhurta will live up to 36. If Lagn falls in a fixed Rāśi and Randhr’s lord is in Lagn, while Randhr Bhava has a benefic in it, the life span is only 40. When Lagn’s lord is in the 8th Navamsh and Randhr’s lord is in Lagn Navamsh along with malefics, the span of life is only 50. Should the Kendras be devoid of Grahas and Lagn’s lord be not associated with malefics, while malefics are in Putr Bhava, a life span of 60 should be declared. If Lagn’s lord is weak and is in Vyaya Bhava, the person lives for 60 years, provided Guru is not in Lagn. When the ruler of Randhr Bhava is in a Kendr, Mangal in in Lagn and Sūrya along with Śani is in Sahaj, or Ari Bhava, the person will live up to 44. 
Should Candr be in Vargothamamsh, receiving a Drishti from malefics and occupy Lagn, while benefics are without strength, the person lives up to 48 years. 
If benefics are in malefic Rāśis and Navamshas other than Kendras, while malefics are in Kendras, the longevity is only medium. 
Śani is a dual Rāśi, which is rising, while Candr is in Randhr, or Vyaya Bhava, the life span is 52 years. 
Should Sūrya be in Lagn, identical with Kark, or Vrischik along with malefics, while Candr is in Dhan Bhava and Guru is in any Rāśi other than a Kendr, the person lives for 50 years. 
If malefics are in Bandhu and Randhr Bhava from Lagn, or in the 4th and the 8th from Candr and do not receive a Drishti from, or are not yuti with benefics, the person had only medium span of life. 
Should Guru and Śukr be together, while malefics are in Bandhu and Karm Bhava and Candr is in Vyaya Bhava, the life span is medium. 
If Lagn’s lord is in a Navamsh of Śani, while Candr along with Randhr’s lord is in Ari/Randhr/Vyaya Bhava, the native so born will live 58 years of his life. A Raj Yog is formed, when all Grahas are posited in Ari, Randhr and Vyaya Bhava. Such Raj Yog gives the native a life span of 58 years. 
Should malefics be in the 6th, the 8th, or the 12th Bhava, with reference to Lagn’s lord, while there are no benefics in Randhr Bhava the native lives for 60 years. When the lords of Lagn and Candr Rāśi are combust, or are in Yuvati and Randhr Bhava and Guru is in a Bhava other than a Kendr, the longevity of the person is 65 years. 
The Yog of Sūrya, Mangal and Śani in Lagn, while Guru is devoid of strength and Candr is in Putr, or Vyaya Bhava, gives a longevity of 70 years. 
Should there be a minimum of four Grahas in the first four Bhavas commencing from Lagn, the native is blessed with long life, wisdom and wealth. If there are four, or more Grahas in the next four Bhavas the longevity is sixty, while a similar disposition from Dharm Bhava onwards in the last four Bhavas makes a person short lived. 
If malefics occupy Bhavas owned by malefic Grahas, or Bhavas considered evil, while benefics are in Kendras, the person’s longevity will be 80 years. Should there be a mix it is only 60. When Guru and Candr are in Bandhu Bhava, Lagn’s lord is in Labh Bhava with strength and benefics (or Budh) are in Karm Bhava, the person lives up to 80. Should Sūrya, Mangal and Śani be in Kendras obtaining Dhanu, or Meen Amshas, while Guru is in Lagn and the rest are in any Bhava other than Randhr Bhava, the native lives up to 85. 
Should malefics be in malefic Bhavas and benefics be in benefic Bhavas, while Lagn’s lord has strength, long life may be predicted. Mangal in Randhr Bhava, Sūrya in Lagn and Guru in a Kendr: this Yog gives a longevity of 100 years. Should the Kendras, Konas and Randhr Bhava be not occupied by malefics, while Lagn’s lord and Guru are in Kendras, the native lives up to 100. Such a person is free from diseases, enjoys all kinds of happiness and strives for a common cause. Should Sūrya, Mangal and Śani be in moveable Navamshas, while Guru and Śukr are in fixed Navamshas and the rest of the Grahas are in dual Navamshas: this Yog gives a long lease of life, weapons and kingdom. 
A person lives for one hundred years remaining free from diseases, if in his nativity benefics are in Bandhu, or Dharm Bhava and in odd Navamshas, malefics are in Lagn and in even Amshas and Candr is in Lagn with full rays (i.e. full Candr in Lagn). 
If Lagn’s lord has great strength, not receiving Drishti from malefics, but receiving Drishti from benefics only and be in a Kendr, the native has long lease of life and is of virtuous and royal disposition. If Randhr’s lord excels the ruler of Lagn in strength and is in a Kendr, while malefics are in Randhr and Vyaya Bhava, the native is short lived, or in the case of medium life, it is with hardships. Now, the combinations for extraordinary span of life. 
Should Budh, Guru and Śukr be in same Rāśi, or Navamsh, or occupy Lagn, while Śani is in Dharm Bhava, the native lives for a Yuga with the help of chemical tonics, or boosters. 
Should Guru, Budh and Śani be disposed anywhere in Bandhu, Ari, Randhr and Vyaya Bhava, but be together in one Navamsh, the native lives for 2000 years. 
All the Grahas in the Navamshas of Dhanu and Meen and in Kendras, Dharm, or Dhan Bhava, in the Rāśi Kundali, make a person follow ascetic course in the very boyhood, live for a full Yuga and write many works relating to Shastras. 
If Sūrya, Mangal and Guru be in Navamsh owned by Śani and are posited in Kendras, or Dharm Bhava in the Rāśi Kundali, while Candr is at the end of a Rāśi in Lagn, the person lives for a Yuga with wealth. 
If the Dharm’s lord is in Dharm Bhava in Drishti to Mangal, while Candr is in Vrischik Navamsh, or Mesh Navamsh there obtains a Muni Yog in the nativity and the person becomes a superior sage, writes many works relating to Shastras and lives for a Yuga. If Candr is not decreasing (i.e. be waxing) and occupies a friendly Rāśi and friendly Navamsh coinciding with Labh Bhava, or Lagn, while Dharm Bhava has Śani in it, the person lives for uncountable years. 
If Śani and Guru are together in Dhan, Dharm, or Karm Bhava and in one Navamsh, while Sūrya and Budh rise in Lagn, the native is liked by the sages and has a long lease of life. 
Those born with the above mentioned extraordinarily long life combinations will be able to control their senses, just as the sages and chant religious hymns. They live in caves using divine medicines. 
I have thus explained these Yogas, as explained by Yavanas with the help of my past deeds. The sum effects of these Yogas should be decided in various Dasha Bhuktis after a careful analysis. 
Ch. 7. Ayurdayadhya 
I shall now explain in a clear and careful way the method of knowing the Dasha periods for those, that are born under the Yogas stated earlier. 
The numerous methods of assessing longevity have been clearly stipulated by old scholars Maya, Yavana, Siddhasena, Prabodha, Mandavya and Vishnu Gupta. 
Should the Grahas commencing from Sūrya onwards remain in their highest exaltation points, they contribute 19, 25, 15, 12, 1 5, 21 and 20 years for the total longevity of the native. 
The Grah, that is at its deepest debilitation degree contributes half of the above mentioned years. Should it be anywhere in between, then the number of years will have to be found by proportional calculations. 
Note the difference between a Grah’s actual position and deep debilitation point and multiply this figure by the figure of Pindayurdaya year (Sloka 3 supra) and arrive at the Grah’s contribution to longevity. Deduction for Grahas in combustion, inimical Bhavas and the visible half, that are involved in war between Grahas, or, that are close to Rahu etc., should be made only after being suitably taught by a Guru. 
Amshayurdaya calculations should be made, as above and the deductions for Grahas posited in Vyaya, Labh, Karm, Dharm, Randhr and Yuvati Bhava should be made, as under: 1, ½, 1/3rd, ¼, 1/5th, 1/6th, respectively. This is in the case of malefics. For benefics, only 50% of the reduction, as above applies. Grahas lose half of their contribution, if in fall, or in combustion. In the matter of Vyayadiharana (i.e. position in Vyaya, Labh, Karm, Dharm, Randhr and Yuvati Bhava), if both malefics and benefics are together in one Bhava, then no deduction applies to benefics. If there are two Grahas in the same Bhava, then the deduction should be only through the strongest of the two. The Grahas, except Mangal, if they occupy inimical Bhavas, lose a third of their contribution. The eclipsed Grahas lose half of their contribution except Śukr and Śani. Those, that have lost in war between Grahas lose one third. The luminaries lose 1/12th, if they join the nodes. Notes: There is no reduction for Mangal even, if he be in an enemy’s Bhava. Sūrya is the Grah, that combusts others. Hence, the half reduction does not apply to him apart from Śukr and Śani (as Śukr and the Śani do not lose their rays even, if they are combust (vide Uttarakalamrita). Lastly, Sūrya and Candr do not involve in war between Grahas; as such no reduction applies to them on this count. Mangal is strong even in his enemy’s Bhava. The contribution in number of years by Lagn equals to the number of Navamshas it has passed, when counted from Mesh. If Lagn is strong and occupied by a benefic, the figure should be multiplied by one fourth and, if it be weak and occupied by malefics, then, the figure should be reduced by one fourth. Thus, the period contributed by Lagn should be computed. 
Notes: Suppose Lagn (be it in any Rāśi) falls in Vrischik Navamsh, its contribution is 8 years, as the Rāśi Vrischik is the 8th from Mesh. Further, this figure has to be modified thus:, if benefics are there or, if Lagn is strong (by way of Shad Bal calculations), the contribution 8 becomes 10, when one fourth is increased. Should Lagn be weak, or occupied by a malefic, then, one fourth is to be reduced, i.e the said figure becomes 6 only. 
The longevity will be exactly arrived at by assessing a Grah’s exact position from its exaltation and debilitation points, if the Grah has benefic company, or, when Lagn is strong and falling in a benefic’s Bhava, or, when Yuvati Bhava is occupied. While the system of calculating longevity by exaltation and debilitation process is common to all human beings, the difference between Dasha (i.e. periods) and Samskara (i.e. process of rectification by proper deductions) should be considered carefully. 
The process of rectification, or deduction from Dasha years contributed should be made with the help of the strongest Navamsh. A wise Jyotishi shall do so after assessing the strength of the two. 
Note the longitudes of the Grahas in terms of Rāśi, degrees and minutes. Multiply this by 108 and divide by 12 and the remainder will indicate the years contributed. 
The multiplier is two, if the Grah is in its own Navamsh, or Dreshkan, or Rāśi, or Vargothama Navamsh. It is to be trebled, if it is in retrograde motion, or in exalted state. It should be halved, if the Grah is in fall. 
The reductions for Mangal should be done here too, as explained for Pindayurdaya and, while occupying inimical Bhavas. Lagn will contribute the same number of years, as the Navamshas attained by it. 
Amshaurdaya shall be resorted to, if Lagn is the strongest. Should Sūrya be the strongest, then Pindayurdaya is recommended. Naisargikayu is adopted, if Candr is the strongest. If all the Grahas be in own Bhavas, exaltation Bhavas, or in such Navamshas, then also Amshayurdaya is recommended. The same applies, if the Grahas are not yuti with Lagn, Sūrya and Candr. 
There is another method of Ayurdaya enumerated by Jeevasarma. I now detail the same in the following verses. 
Note the longitudinal distance between a Grah’s position and its deep fall degree. Convert this into minutes and divide by 21600. The quotient will reveal the years contributed. The remainder should be multiplied by 12 and divided again by 21, the quotient is months. Again multiply the latest remainder by 21600. The days are represented by the quotient. Multiply the latest remainder by 60 and the quotient will yield Ghaties. Notes: If the Grah is past its debilitation point and be towards its exaltation, then the longitudinal distance be calculated from deep fall to its position. 
Reduce 17 year I month 22days 8 Ghaties and 34 Vighaties, if the Grah is close to its exaltation. Should it be close to its debilitation, then add a similar figure. 
The deductions do not apply to Śukr and Śani, if they are eclipsed and also to Mangal in his enemy’s Bhava. Lagn’s contribution is equal to the number of Navamshas it attained. A malefic there in reduces the figure by one fourth and a benefic there in increases the figure by one fourth. According to Jeevasarma, Grahas in Dhan and Vyaya Bhava from Lagn and Grahas in the 2nd and the 12th from Candr, all Grahas near their debilitation point, those, that are devoid of strength and those in Lagn, or in Yuvati Bhava will reduce the contribution to one seventh of the total life. 
Now, about Trinal reduction (Trikon Shodhana) with reference to Ashtak Vargas. First draw a Kundali of Rāśis, as usual. Mark benefic dots of Ashtak Varg of the Grah required and then Trikon reductions should be made. 
Notes: The author now deals with the Bandhu system of assessing longevity. For detailed calculations of Ashtak Varg system refer to works, like Brihat Jataka, Saravali, Dr. B.V. Raman’s Ashtak Varg System of Predictions etc. Simultaneously, Ch. 17 infra may also be seen. For the purpose of deductions take the sets of Mesh and its Konas, Vrishabh and its Konas, Mithun and its Konas and Kark and its Konas In each set, whichever is the least, put the same in the other two. If one of the three is vacant, no change should be made in the other two. If two Rāśis are vacant, then the third one should also be made dotless. Lastly, if all the three Rāśis are equal with dots, vacate dots in all the three Rāśis. 
The above is the method of trinal reductions. Now the method of reduction to the pairs of Rāśis, which have common lords is explained below. This is called Ekadhipathya Shodhana. This reduction is applicable, when there are benefic dots in both the Rāśis owned by a Grah. Should there be less number of dots in a Rāśi, while the other Rāśi (of the same Grah) is not occupied, the smaller number of dots shall be used for both the Rāśis. If the occupied Rāśi has more dots than the occupied Rāśi, then make the dots nil in the unoccupied Rāśi. (The occupation can be by any Grah) Similar reduction applies, when there are equal number of dots in both the Rāśis owned by a Grah, but one of them should be free from occupation. Should both the Rāśis be occupied, no reduction shall be made. Should there be the same number of dots in both the Rāśis, which are not occupied, dots should be made nil in both the Rāśis. If one of the Rāśis is vacant in respect of dots, retain dots in the other Rāśi. The rules for Ekadhipathya Shodhana do not apply to Kark and Simh. 
Notes: The suggestions given in Slokas 32-37 are for reductions applicable to two Rāśis owned by one Grah and are called Ekadhipathya reductions, which should be done after trinal reductions. Since Candr and Sūrya have each one Rāśi only, there is no Ekadhipathya Shodhana for Kark and Simh. 
The final figures in each Rāśi, after effecting trinal reduction as well, as Ekadhipathya reduction, as above, be multiplied by the concerned Rāśi multipliers and, if a particular Rāśi is occupied the figure must be multiplied by the respective Grah’s multiplier. The Rāśi multipliers from Mesh onwards are: 7, 10, 8, 4, 10, 5, 7, 8, 9, 5, 11 and 12, respectively. ‘The figures of multiplication for Guru, Mangal, Śukr and Budh are 10, 8, 7 and 5, respectively. The multiplier is 5, or other Grahas (i.e. for Sūrya, Candr and Śani). The multipliers for Rāśis and Grahas should be treated separately. The dots in the 12 Rāśis, obtained after Trinal and Ekadhipathya reductions should be multiplied by Rāśi multipliers individually. Should a Rāśi be occupied by a Grah, the dots should be multiplied by Grah Gunakara. The Rāśi figure and Grah figure (as obtained through process explained in Slokas 38-40½) should be added in respect of each Grah, together. (This can be called Shodya Pinda. This Pinda should be multiplied by 7 and divided by 27. The quotient is years of longevity by the Grah concerned. Multiply the remainder by 27 to get months. The next remainder is multiplied by 30 and divided by 27 to get days. The latest remainder is multiplied by 60 and divided by 27 to get Ghatis. 27 years make one Mandala and so the years in excess of 27 (for each Grah) should be rejected. Notes: According to Sambhu Hora, if the contribution of years is in excess of 27, but less than 54, then subtract the quotient from 54. If the quotient is more than 54, subtract it from 81 and, if above 81 subtract from 108. 
The contribution of each Grah should be worked out, as explained in the Slokas above. 
The contribution of a Grah should be halved, if it is yuti with another Grah. Similar halving should be done, if a Grah is debilitated, or eclipsed. For a Grah posited in an enemy’s Bhava, the loss is one third. This applies also to those in the visible half of the Zodiac, those, that have lost in war between Grahas and those, that are in the Pata range of the luminaries. When a Grah warrants repeated deductions, then, only the highest should be done. The figures for all the Grahas should be added together and multiplied by 324 and divided by 365. The net longevity is equal to the quotient in the process. Notes: The above reductions are explained thus. Suppose Budh has contributed 12 years, the reductions are, as under: a) If he is along with another Grah, in the Rāśi Kundali, then his contribution is halved, i. e. only 6 years; b) If Budh is combust, or in Neech, then also half is deduced. (Combustion need not necessarily occur, when Sūrya is in the same Rāśi. Only the longitudinal distance counts. Suppose Budh is in 28 degrees of Simh, while Sūrya is in 2 degrees of Kanya. Even then Budh is combust). c) If Budh in the example is in his enemy’s Bhava, then one third reduction should be made, i.e. 12 is reduced to 8. d) If it is in the visible half of the zodiac, then also 1/3rd should be rejected. Visible half means the area from Lagn BhavaMadhya to 7th BhavaMadhya counted backwards. According to Dr. B.V. Raman; the reduction for malefic Grahas in the visible half should be done, as under: 12th Bhava: Full, 11th 1/4th, 10th 1/3rd, 9th 1/4th, 8th 1/5th and 7th l/6th. He continues to say, that for benefics 50% of the above should be applicable for the 6 Bhavas. e) One third reduction is made, if a Grah is involved in war. (War does not apply to Sūrya and Candr) f) One third reduction should be made, if a Grah is involved in Rahugrasta Sūrya, or Candr Grahanas. Pata means Rahu’s path. Hence Pata range of Sūrya and Candr is interpreted, as above. g) Only the highest reduction should be enforced, if a Grah attracts more than one reduction, as mentioned from a toe above. In such case, only half is reduced once. But according to Dr. Raman, there is full reduction in the case of a malefic in Vyaya Bhava from Lagn, which of course can be done only once. The contribution by each Grah in years etc. should be found, as above and total Dashas should be known accordingly. 
Among all the systems of Ayurdaya, Ashtak Varg is the best one. The longevity should be evaluated, through Ashtak Varg system, when Candr is in Kendr and yuti with a Grah, while Karm Bhava has both benefics and malefics in it. 
The benefic dots in the seven Ashtak Vargas (i.e. considering the Grahas from Sūrya to Śani) should be added Rāśi wise to get the Sarvashtak Varg figures and then only trinal reductions and Ekadhipathya reductions should be made. 
If any Rāśi has more than 12 bindus, then retain only 12. All the Rāśis should be reduced to such process. 
Notes: When the Sarvashtak Varg is subjected to what is called Mandala Shodhana, as explained in this Sloka, we get corrected Sarvashtak Varg Kundali. 
The said figures (after reductions) should be multiplied by the Rāśi multipliers and Grah multipliers (as explained in 38 to 40½ supra) and the total should be multiplied by 7 and divided by 27. The quotient will give longevity in years. Should the quotient cross 100, expunge the multiples of 100 and, if the native is of long life (as per the suggestions of horoscope), then retain only 100. The figure should be then multiplied by 324 and divided by 365. 
The rectified longevity of all the Grahas should be collected together. The contribution of each Grah is arrived at, as under: The Dasha periods worked out, as per Bhinnashtak Varg method should be added together and converted into Ghaties. This figure is to be kept, as divisor. The Ashtak Varg Ghatis should be multiplied by various Bhinnashtak Varg Dasha figures and divided by the divisor referred to above. The quotient indicates the years contributed. 
The days, months and years should be computed, as above. Thus, exact periods of longevity contributed by each Grah should be calculated. 
The method of the calculations af Dasha periods, contributed by each Grah through Ashtak Varg has already been explained. When the Lagn is strong, the years contributed by Lagn is equal to the figures signified by Lagn Rāśi. The years contributed by Lagn should be known only after ascertaining by both the methods. The Ashtak Varg Dasha system is found acceptable to all. 
Should there be any problem in working out Dasha periods due to conjunction of Grahas, then a different method may be adopted. The Grah’s exaltation, or depression should be made use of to find out Dasha periods. If the Grahas occupy inimical, or depression Rāśis, Yavana’s school of thought should be followed to calculate the contribution of the Grahas. Should Candr be yuti with another Grah and be in a Kendr, while all other Grahas are out of Kendras, then according to Manitha, the Samudayashta Varg system is to be resorted to. 
Should all Grahas be in one Bhava other than a Kendr, then the effects of Dasha arising out of Ayurdaya contributions cannot be estimated at all. 
If a person born is of short life, or long life (unduly long life ?), the longevity cannot be determined through the method of Dasha periods of the Grahas. Malefics in Ari, Randhr and Vyaya Bhava will make one short lived. Benefics in the said Bhavas will give long life. Middle life should be predicted, if there is a mix of good and bad Grahas in these Bhavas.